Parvovirus, or parvo, is a severe and deadly virus that primarily affects puppies and unvaccinated dogs. It affects the gastrointestinal system and often requires hospitalization and intensive treatment. However, parvovirus infections are preventable in both puppies and adult dogs. This article explains how dogs contract parvovirus, the symptoms to watch for, and how to prevent it.
Understanding Dog Parvovirus
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- Canine parvovirus is highly difficult to eliminate. It can survive in the environment for months or even years. It spreads easily, and dogs can contract the virus by touching the feces of an infected dog or sniffing areas where infected vomit or feces were previously present.
The incubation period, which is the time between exposure to the virus and the onset of symptoms, typically lasts 7-14 days. Common places where dogs are at risk include dog parks, frequently walked paths, yards where infected dogs live, animal shelters, and pet stores.
Symptoms of Dog Parvovirus
- The symptoms of parvovirus can range from mild to severe, depending on your dog’s age, size, breed, and overall health.Â
Common signs include:
- Lethargy
- Vomiting
- Severe diarrhea
- Loss of appetite
- Fever
- Dehydration
- Increased heart rate
Complications from the virus can include bacterial infections in the blood, shock, seizures, and even death. Parvovirus causes the intestinal lining to slough off, leaving your dog more susceptible to other infections. If you suspect your dog has been exposed to parvo, watch for these symptoms and contact your veterinarian immediately if your dog shows any signs of illness.
How Does a Veterinarian Treats Dog Parvovirus?
- Treating parvovirus typically requires round-the-clock hospitalization, intravenous (IV) fluids, antibiotics, medications to stabilize hydration and blood pressure, and supportive care. Treating a puppy with parvovirus can cost several thousand dollars, and most dogs will need at least three days in the hospital, with some requiring up to seven days of care. This virus can be fatal, but early intervention is crucial for the best chances of recovery, and it should never be treated at home.
Preventing Parvovirus in Dogs
- Parvovirus is preventable through proper vaccination and by keeping puppies protected until they are old enough to be vaccinated.
Here’s what you can do to protect your pet from this deadly virus:
- Puppies that haven’t been vaccinated should avoid places like dog parks, pet stores, and other public areas where the virus may be present.
- Full immunity takes about two weeks to develop after vaccination, so keep your puppy away from high-risk areas during this period.
- A series of vaccinations is given before 4 months of age to build immunity while the antibodies from the mother begin to fade.
- Vaccinations given before 8 weeks may offer limited protection against parvovirus.
Once the initial vaccination series for puppies is complete, a booster shot is given at one year, with subsequent boosters recommended every three years. For dogs with health concerns, such as autoimmune diseases, testing their blood for parvovirus antibodies is advisable.Â
- Titer tests check for immunity from prior vaccinations or exposure to the virus. These simple tests, which are done by your primary vet and sent to a lab, can help you avoid unnecessary vaccinations in dogs with compromised health.
At Autumn Trails and Veterinary Center, we are dedicated to providing the most convenient urgent care for your beloved pets. Alongside regular checkups and dental care, we also offer emergency care services to address any immediate health concerns. Our full range of veterinary services ensures that your pet receives the best possible care in any situation. We are conveniently located in Charlottesville, VA, and are here to support the health and well-being of your pets. Call us at 434-971-9800.
